The January Sky

Paul Curtin

In the north, look for the bright Capella, in Auriga. The Milky Way runs through this kite-shaped constellation and so we find a number of interesting star fields. The open clusters M36, M37, and M38 are easy to find with binoculars. Darker skies are needed to locate the emission and planetary nebulae in this region. Note that the southeastern corner of the kite is actually beta Tauri, the tip of the Bull’s western horn.

See if you can find the supernova remnant M1 due west of zeta Tauri, the tip of the eastern horn. M1 will look like a mere smudge of light in small telescopes but, with a larger 'scope, one can discern more detail.

South of this is Orion, one of the few northern constellations that even first-time observers accept as a unified figure. The most prominent deep-sky object is M42, the famed Orion Nebula. This is an interesting sight in telescopes of all apertures and is also a beautiful object to photograph. Because M42 is such an easy object, many observers tend to overlook the myriad open and diffuse nebulae that follow the lines of Orion’s belt an sword. Don’t forget to scan the region around Orion’s upraised right arm through which the Milky Way runs. A slow scan with binoculars reveals some fascinating star clouds.

At the foot of Orion is Lepus, star poor but sprinkled with faint galaxies and planetary nebulae. The open cluster NGC 2017 and the globular cluster M79 are relatively easy to find. Gamma Leporis is a fine double star. Even farther south is Columba, which hosts a number of galaxies as well as the faint globular cluster NGC 1851. Caelum has little of interest to amateurs although alpha Caeli is double.

South of this is faint Pictor, which is overshadowed by Carina to the east. Canopus, alpha carinae, outshines all stars save Sirius.
Still the most impressive object in the southern summer is the Large Magellanic Cloud. NGC 2070, the Tarantula Nebula, is a naked-eye object. Look for the open cluster NGC 1910 also embedded in the LMC.

The Planets in January

Mercury is a nice evening object in the second half of January.

Venus is low but bright in the evening sky.

Mars can be found in the early morning sky.

Jupiter, a very bright object, dominates the sky before dawn.

Saturn is in Leo and can be observed late in the evening.

Bibliography

Burnham, Robert Jr., Burnham's Celestial Handbook, New York: Dover, 1978.

Kelly, P. (ed.), Observers Handbook 2007, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.

Kepple, G. R., Sanner, G. W., The Night Sky Observers Guide, Richmond, Virginia: Willman-Bell, 1999.

Tirion, W., Rappaport, B., Remaklus, W., Uranometria Deep Sky Atlas, Richmond, Virginia: Willman-Bell, 2000.

Webb, T. W., Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes, New York: Dover, 1962.